Habr•November 4, 2026•🇷🇺Translated from Russian

15-Year-Old Developer Restores Social Network After Beget VPS Data Wipe in Cyber Attack

A 15-year-old developer has detailed how he restored his Russian social network Agora within roughly three hours after hosting provider Beget confirmed that a cyber attack had wiped his VPS, destroying all data and binary backups.

The platform, aimed at students, teachers, and pupils, runs on React + TypeScript + Vite for the frontend, self-hosted Supabase (Postgres 17) inside Docker, Bun services under PM2, and Caddy as a reverse proxy. Media files are stored in Yandex Object Storage, while the entire backend previously lived on a single Beget VPS.

On 1 November the developer set up offsite encrypted backups: pg_dump output was encrypted with GPG using a public key stored on the server and uploaded to Yandex S3. The last backup was taken at 03:00 UTC on 1 November. On 2 November the server stopped responding. On 3 November Beget confirmed the data loss and advised changing all keys.

The master encryption key for end-to-end encrypted private messages existed only in the server process environment and was not included in any backup. This rendered all private keys stored in the database unreadable. Recovery was possible only because an escrow key had been built into the encryption scheme in advance. A custom script running entirely on the developer’s local machine re-encrypted 1218 messages for 160 users using new key pairs, with zero errors.

Migration to a new VPS in Saint Petersburg was performed using scripts already prepared in the repository. All Supabase secrets had to be regenerated, breaking authentication for existing Expo / React Native Android builds. The developer solved this by configuring Caddy to transparently replace the old anon key in headers and query parameters.

Additional problems included lost VAPID push subscriptions, a monitoring runner that lived on the destroyed server, missing timeouts in health checks, and the need to recreate a hardened coturn TURN server with strict relay restrictions. The incident also exposed that the status page flag was checked together with a database query that could hang indefinitely.

In his conclusions the developer stressed that encryption keys and environment files must be placed in encrypted offsite backups, that every backup must be tested by actual restore, that monitoring and deployment runners must survive the main server, and that single-provider hosting remains a critical single point of failure even when the provider claims to maintain backups.

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